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Ethics of Open Access to Biomedical Research: Just a Special Case of Ethics of Open Access to Research

Harnad, S. (2007) Ethics of Open Access to Biomedical Research: Just a Special Case of Ethics of Open Access to Research. Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine, 2 (31).

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Abstract

The ethical case for Open Access (OA) (free online access) to research findings is especially salient when it is public health that is being compromised by needless access restrictions. But the ethical imperative for OA is far more general: It applies to all scientific and scholarly research findings published in peer-reviewed journals. And peer-to-peer access is far more important than direct public access. Most research is funded to be conducted and published, by researchers, in order to be taken up, used, and built upon in further research and applications, again by researchers, for the benefit of the public that funded it -- not in order to generate revenue for the peer-reviewed journal publishing industry (nor even because there is a burning public desire to read [much of] it). Hence OA needs to be mandated for all research.

Item Type:Article
Creator/Authors:
Stevan Harnad
Keywords:open access, research impact, biomedical research, ethics
Additional Information:Byelorussion translation by Nadejda Dobkina available at http://onlinepharmacycheck.com/~doc/31-med-be
Research Group:Current ECS Groups > Web and Internet Science
Old ECS Groups > Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia
Alternative Locations:http://www.peh-med.com/content/2/1/31
Date:2007
Information about this record:
Performance Indicator:EZ~01~01~11
Downloads (2010):51
ID Code:14431
Last Modified:23 Sep 2011 10:35
Deposited On:26 Aug 2007 by Harnad, Stevan

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References in Article

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Berners-Lee, T., De Roure, D., Harnad, S. and Shadbolt, N. (2005) Journal publishing and author self-archiving: Peaceful Co-Existence and Fruitful Collaboration. Technical Report, Department of Electronics and Computer Science,, University of Southampton.

Hajjem, C., Harnad, S. and Gingras, Y. (2005) Ten-Year Cross-Disciplinary Comparison of the Growth of Open Access and How it Increases Research Citation Impact. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 28(4) pp. 39-47.

Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y, Oppenheim, C., Stamerjohanns, H., & Hilf, E. (2004) The green and the gold roads to Open Access. Nature Web Focus.

Harnad, Stevan (2003) Open Access to Peer-Reviewed Research through Author/Institution Self-Archiving: Maximizing Research Impact by Maximizing Online Access. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 49: 337-342.

Swan, A. (2005) Open access self-archiving: An Introduction. Technical Report, JISC, HEFCE.

Harnad, S. (ed.) (1982) Peer commentary on peer review: A case study in scientific quality control, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Harnad, Stevan (1985) Rational disagreement in peer review. Science, Technology and Human Values, 10 p.55-62.

Harnad, S. (1986) Policing the Paper Chase. Nature 322: 24 - 5. (Review of S. Lock: A difficult balance: Peer review in biomedical publication.)

Harnad, S. (1990) Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication Continuum of Scientific Inquiry. Psychological Science 1: 342 - 343 (reprinted in Current Contents 45: 9-13, November 11 1991).

Harnad, S. (1995) A Subversive Proposal. In: Ann Okerson & James O'Donnell (Eds.) Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads; A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing. Washington, DC., Association of Research Libraries, June 1995.

Harnad, S. (1996) Implementing Peer Review on the Net: Scientific Quality Control in Scholarly Electronic Journals. In: Peek, R. & Newby, G. (Eds.) Scholarly Publishing: The Electronic Frontier. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Pp 103-118.

Harnad, S. (1997) Learned Inquiry and the Net: The Role of Peer Review, Peer Commentary and Copyright. Learned Publishing 11(4) 283-292.

Harnad, S. (1998) The invisible hand of peer review. Nature [online] (5 Nov. 1998), and in Shatz, B. (2004) (ed.) Peer Review: A Critical Inquiry. Rowland & Littlefield. Pp. 235-242.

Harnad, S. (1999) Comment on H. Varmus E-biomed Proposal

Harnad, S. (2000a) E-Knowledge: Freeing the Refereed Journal Corpus Online. Computer Law & Security Report 16(2) 78-87. [Rebuttal to Bloom Editorial in Science and Relman Editorial in New England Journal of Medicine]

Harnad, S. (2000b) Ingelfinger Over-Ruled: The Role of the Web in the Future of Refereed Medical Journal Publishing. Lancet Perspectives 256 (December Supplement): s16.

Harnad, S. (2004) Enrich Impact Measures Through Open Access Analysis. British Medical Journal BMJ 2004; 329:

Harnad, S. and Brody, T. (2004) Prior evidence that downloads predict citations. British Medical Journal BMJ Rapid Responses, 6 September 2004

Harnad, S. (2006) Open access: the complaint, the evidence and the verdict. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 99. (Letter)

Harnad, S. (2007) The Green Road to Open Access: A Leveraged Transition. In: Anna Gacs (Ed.) The Culture of Periodicals from the Perspective of the Electronic Age. L'Harmattan. 99-106.

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