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The Annotation Game: On Turing (1950) on Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence

Harnad, S. (2006) The Annotation Game: On Turing (1950) on Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence. In: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer, Kluwer. (In Press)

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Abstract

This is Turing's classical paper with every passage quote/commented to highlight what Turing said, might have meant, and should have meant. The paper was equivocal about whether the full robotic test was intended, or only the email/penpal test, whether all candidates are eligible, or only computers, and whether the criterion for passing is really total, liefelong equavalence and indistinguishability or merely fooling enough people enough of the time. Once these uncertainties are resolved, Turing's Test remains cognitive science's rightful (and sole) empirical criterion today.

Item Type:Book Section
Creator/Authors:
Stevan Harnad
Editors:
Robert Epstein
Grace Peters
Research Group:Current ECS Groups > Web and Internet Science
Old ECS Groups > Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia
Date:2006
Information about this record:
Performance Indicator:EZ~01~01~07
Downloads (2010):145
ID Code:7741
Last Modified:23 Sep 2011 10:29
Deposited On:23 Jun 2003 by Harnad, Stevan

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References in Article

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Brooks, R. A., (2002) Flesh and Machines, Pantheon Books.

Cangelosi, A. & Harnad, S. (2001) The Adaptive Advantage of Symbolic Theft Over Sensorimotor Toil: Grounding Language in Perceptual Categories. Evolution of Communication. 4(1) 117-142 http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/20/36/

Frith Christopher D. & Frith, Uta (1999) Interacting minds Ð a biological basis. Science 286: 1692Ð1695. http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/seminar/Frith_mind.pdf

Harnad, S. (1982a) Neoconstructivism: A Unifying Constraint for the Cognitive Sciences, In: Language, mind and brain (T. Simon & R. Scholes, eds., Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum), 1 - 11. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/06/62/

Harnad, S. (1982b) Consciousness: An afterthought. Cognition and Brain Theory 5: 29 - 47. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/70/

Harnad, S. (1989) Minds, Machines and Searle. Journal of Theoretical and Experimental Artificial Intelligence 1: 5-25. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/73/

Harnad, S. (1990) The Symbol Grounding Problem Physica D 42: 335-346. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/06/15/

Harnad, S. (1991) "Other Bodies, Other Minds: A Machine Incarnation of an Old Philosophical Problem"Minds and Machines 1: 43-54. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/78/

Harnad, S. (1992) The Turing Test Is Not A Trick: Turing Indistinguishability Is A Scientific Criterion. SIGART Bulletin 3(4) (October 1992) pp. 9 - 10. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/84/

Harnad, Stevan (1993) Problems, Problems: the Frame Problem as a Symptom of the Symbol Grounding Problem, Psycoloquy: 4,#34 Frame Problem (11) http://psycprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00000328/

Harnad, S. (1993) Grounding Symbols in the Analog World with Neural Nets. Think 2(1) 12-78. http://psycprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00000163/

Harnad, S. (1994a) Levels of Functional Equivalence in Reverse Bioengineering: The Darwinian Turing Test for Artificial Life. Artificial Life 1(3): 293-301. Reprinted in: C.G. Langton (Ed.). Artificial Life: An Overview. MIT Press 1995. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/91/-

Harnad, S. (1994b) Computation Is Just Interpretable Symbol Manipulation: Cognition Isn't. Special Issue on "What Is Computation" Minds and Machines 4:379-390 http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/92/

Harnad, Stevan (1995) "Why and How We Are Not Zombies. Journal of Consciousness Studies1:164-167.

http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/01/

Harnad, S. (2000) Minds, Machines, and Turing: The Indistinguishability of Indistinguishables. Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 9(4): 425-445. (special issue on "Alan Turing and Artificial Intelligence") http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/16/

Harnad, S. (2001) No Easy Way Out. The Sciences 41(2) 36-42. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/24/

Harnad, S. (2002a) Turing Indistinguishability and the Blind Watchmaker. In: J. Fetzer (ed.) Evolving Consciousness Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Pp 3-18. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/15/

Harnad, S. (2002b) Darwin, Skinner, Turing and the Mind. Inaugural Address. Hungarian Academy of Science. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/darwin.htm

Harnad, S. (2003) Can a Machine Be Conscious? How? Journal of Consciousness Studies. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/machine.htm

Shear, J. (Ed.) (1997) Explaining Consciousness: The Hard Problem. MIT/Bradford http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/book/hp-contents.html

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. (1999) Situated grounded word semantics. In Dean, T., editor, Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI'99, pages 862-867, San Francisco, CA., 1999. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. http://arti.vub.ac.be/steels/ijcai99.pdf

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